Scientific research articles
FOM machines in scientific research
FOM Technologies’ advanced machines are integral to a wide range of research applications. Our cutting-edge equipment has been pivotal in the research leading to numerous scientific publications, showcasing their versatility and reliability. Below, you will find a list of research papers that highlight the diverse applications and significant contributions of FOM Technologies machines in scientific advancements.

Perovskite photovoltaics
- 2024: Slot-die coating of electron transport layers for perovskite solar cells using water and butanol-based tin oxide dispersions
| Anuja Vijayan, Vishnu Vijayakumar, Malin B. Johansson, Masoud Karimipour, Monica Lira-Cantu, Byeong Jo Kim & Gerrit Boschloo
| Materials Advances
- 2023: Slot-Die-Coated Active Layer for Printed Flexible Back-Contact Perovskite Solar Cells
| Hryhorii P. ParkhomenkoORCID, Mayuribala MangrulkarORCID & Askhat N. Jumabekov
- 2023: Ink Design Enabling Slot-Die Coated Perovskite Solar Cells with >22% Power Conversion Efficiency, Micro-Modules, and 1 Year of Outdoor Performance Evaluation
| Jinzhao Li, Janardan Dagar, Oleksandra Shargaieva, Oliver Maus, Marco Remec, Quiterie Emery, Mark Khenkin, Carolin Ulbrich, Fatima Akhundova, José A. Márquez, Thomas Unold, Markus Fenske, Christof Schultz, Bert Stegemann, Amran Al-Ashouri, Steve Albrecht, Alvaro Tejada Esteves, Lars Korte, Hans Köbler, Antonio Abate, Daniel M. Többens, Ivo Zizak, Emil J. W. List-Kratochvil, Rutger Schlatmann & Eva Unger
- 2022: Slot-Die Coated Triple-Halide Perovskites for Efficient and Scalable Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
| Ke Xu, Amran Al-Ashouri, Zih-Wei Peng, Eike Köhnen, Hannes Hempel, Fatima Akhundova, Jose A. Marquez, Philipp Tockhorn, Oleksandra Shargaieva, Florian Ruske, Jiahuan Zhang, Janardan Dagar, Bernd Stannowski, Thomas Unold, Daniel Abou-Ras, Eva Unger, Lars Korte & Steve Albrecht
| ACSPublications
- 2021: 20.8% Slot‐die Coated MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Optimal DMSO‐Content and Age of 2‐ME Based Precursor Inks
| Jinzhao Li, Janardan Dagar, Oleksandra Shargaieva, Marion A. Flatken, Hans Köbler, Markus Fenske, Christof Schultz, Bert Stegemann, Justus Just, Daniel M. Többens, Antonio Abate, Rahim Munir & Eva Unger
| Advanced Energy Materials
- 2020: Assessing the Regulatory Requirements of Lead-Based Perovskite Photovoltaics
| Nicole Moody, Samuel Sesena, Dane W. deQuilettes, Benjia Dak Dou, Richard Swartwout, Joseph T. Buchman, Anna Johnson, Udochukwu Eze, Roberto Brenes, Matthew Johnston, Christy L. Haynes, Vladimir Bulović & Moungi G. Bawendi
| Joule
- 2020: Simple Method for Efficient Slot-die Coating of MAPbI3 Perovskite Thin Films in Ambient Air Conditions
| Anuja Vijayan, Malin Johansson, Sebastian Svanström, Ute B. Cappel, Håkan Rensmo & Gerrit Boschloo
| ACS Applied Energy Materials
- 2018: Efficient flexible printed perovskite solar cells based on lead acetate precursor
| Christina Kamaraki, Alexandros Zachariadis, Christos Kapnopoulos, Evangelos Mekeridis, Christoforos Gravalidisa, Argiris Laskarakis & Stergios Logothetidis
| Solar Energy
- 2018: Perovskite solar cells in N-I-P structure with four Slot-die-coated layers
| Daniel Burkitt, Justin Searle & Trystan Watson
| The Royal Society Open Science
- 2018: Sequential Slot-die Deposition of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Dimethylsulfoxide Lead Iodide Ink
| Daniel Burkitt, Justin Searle, David A. Worsley & Trystan Watson
| Materials
- 2018: High-throughput surface preparation for flexible Slot-die coated perovskite solar cells
| Mikas Remeika, Luis K. Ono, Maki Maeda, Zhanhao Hu & Yabing Qi
| Organic Electronics
- 2018: Environmental Chamber to Regulate Film Morphology for Solar Energy Materials Printing Using Additive Manufacturing and Investigating the Role of Additives in Perovskites
| Karthik Unnikrishnan
| Master’s thesis, University of Washington
- 2017: Slot-die processing of flexible perovskite solar cells in ambient conditions
| John Ciro, Mario Alejandro Mejía-Escobar & Franklin Jaramillo
| Solar Energy
- 2015: Interfacial engineering of self-assembled monolayer modified semi-roll-to-roll planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells on flexible substrates
| Zhuowei Gu, Lijian Zuo, Thue T. Larsen-Olsen, Tao Ye, Gang Wu, Frederik C. Krebs & Hongzheng Chen
| Journal of Materials Chemistry A
- 2015: Upscaling of Perovskite Solar Cells: Fully Ambient Roll Processing of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Printed Back Electrodes
| Thomas M. Schmidt, Thue T. Larsen-Olsen, Jon E. Carle, Dechan Angmo & Frederik C. Krebs
| Advanced Energy Materials

OLED, LEC & ECD
- 2021: Slot-Die Coating of All Organic/Polymer Layers for Large-Area Flexible OLEDs: Improved Device Performance with Interlayer Modification
| Amruth C, Deepak K. Dubey, Majid Pahlevani & Gregory C. Welch
| Advanced Materials Technologies
- 2021: Optical, photophysical, and electrooptical studies on slot-die polyfluorene-based flexible OLED devices
| Maria Gioti
| Optical Materials Express
- 2020: Solution Processed Red Organic Light-Emitting-Diodes using an N-Annulated Perylene Diimide Fluorophore
| Sergey Dayneko, Mohammad Rahmati, Majid Pahlevani & Gregory C. Welch
| Journal of Materials Chemistry C
- 2019: Interlayer Engineering of Flexible and Large-Area Red Organic-Light-Emitting Diodes Based on an N-Annulated Perylene Diimide Dimer
| Mohammad Rahmati, Sergey V. Dayneko, Majid Pahlevani & Gregory C. Welch
| ACS Applied Electronic Materials
- 2018: Roll‐to‐Roll Fabrication of Solution Processed Electronics
| Robert Abbel, Yulia Galagan & Pim Groen
| Advanced Engineering Materials
- 2015: Towards High-Throughput Coating and Printing of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells: A Review and Cost Analysis of Current and Future Methods
| Andreas Sandström & Ludvig Edman
| Energy Technology
- 2014: Organic semiconducting layers fabricated by self-metered slot-die coating for solution-processable organic light-emitting devices
| Byoungchoo Park, O. Eun Kwon, Soo Hong Yun, Hong Goo Jeona & Yoon Ho Huha
| Journal of Materials Chemistry C
- 2014: From the Bottom Up – Flexible Solid State Electrochromic Devices
| Jacob Jensen & Frederik C. Krebs
| Advanced Materials
- 2012: Manufacture and demonstration of organic photovoltaic-powered electrochromic displays using roll coating methods and printable electrolytes
| Jacob Jensen, Henrik F. Dam, John R. Reynolds, Aubrey L. Dyer & Frederik C. Krebs
| Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics
- 2012: Ambient fabrication of flexible and large-area organic light-emitting devices using Slot-die coating
| Andreas Sandström, Henrik F. Dam, Frederik C. Krebs & Ludvig Edman
| Nature Communications

Energy storage
- 2020: Roll-to-roll printed high voltage supercapattery in lead-contaminated aqueous electrolyte
| Teklewood Getachew, Solomon Mehretie, Hin-Lap Yip, Ruidong Xia & Shimelis Admassie
| Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
- 2016: Scalable Coating of Single‐Source Nickel Hexadecanethiolate Precursor on 3D Graphitic Petals for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
| Ritu Gupta & Timothy S. Fisher
| Energy Technology

Organic photovoltaics
- 2022: Enabling Roll-Processed and Flexible Organic Solar Cells Based On PffBT4T Through Temperature-Controlled Slot-Die Coating
| Marcial Fernández-Castro, Moisés Espíndola-Rodríguez, Edoardo Stanzani, Michael Korning Sørensen, Shinhee Yun & Jens Wenzel Andreasen
| IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
- 2021: Lifetime Study of Organic Solar Cells with O-IDTBR as Non-Fullerene Acceptor
| Rodolfo López-Vicente, Marcial Fernández-Castro, Jose Abad, Eva Mazzolini, Jens Wenzel Andreasen, Moises Espindola-Rodriguez & Antonio Urbina
| Frontiers in Energy Research
- 2021: Light manipulation using organic semiconducting materials for enhanced photosynthesis
| Jackie Zorz, William D.L. Richardson, Audrey Laventure, Marianne Haines, Edward Cieplechowicz, Alireza Aslani, Agasteswar Vadlamani, Joule Bergerson, Gregory C. Welch & Marc Strous
| Cell Reports Physical Science
- 2021: All Slot‐die Coated Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells with PCE 11%
| Neha Chaturvedi, Nicola Gasparini, Daniel Corzo, Jules Bertrandie, Nimer Wehbe, Joel Troughton & Derya Baran
| Advanced Functional Materials
- 2020: Large-area lightweight organic photovoltaics
| Mayuran Saravanapavanantham
| Master’s Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- 2020: Flexible ITO-Free Roll-Processed Large-Area Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells Based on P3HT:O-IDTBR
| Marcial Fernández Castro, Eva Mazzolini, Roar R. Sondergaard, Moises Espindola-Rodriguez & Jens Wenzel Andreasen
| Physical Review Applied
- 2020: Synergistic Optimization Enables Large‐Area Flexible Organic Solar Cells to Maintain over 98% PCE of the Small‐Area Rigid Devices
| Guodong Wang, Jianqi Zhang, Chen Yang, Yuheng Wang, Yi Xing, Muhammad Abdullah Adil, Yang Yang, Lijun Tian, Ming Su, Wuqiang Shang, Kun Lu, Zhigang Shuai & Zhixiang Wei
| Advanced Materials
- 2020: Cost estimates of production scale semitransparent organic photovoltaic modules for building integrated photovoltaics
| Byungjun Lee, Lucas Lahann, Yongxi Lia & Stephen R. Forrest
| Sustainable Energy Fuels
- 2020: Slot-die Coated Ternary Organic Photovoltaics for Indoor Light RecyclingScaling organic photovoltaics to pilot line fabrication
| Mahmoud E. Farahat, Audrey Laventure, Michael A. Anderson, Mathieu Mainville, Francesco Tintori, Mario Leclerc, Erin L. Ratcliff & Gregory C. Welch
| ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- 2020: Scaling organic photovoltaics to pilot line fabrication
| Alyssa Chinen-Mendez, Hualong Pan, Reed J. Eisenhart, Paul M. Alvey, Gary E. Welch & Brian J. Worfolk
| Proceedings of the SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics 2020 Digital Forum
- 2020: High open-circuit voltage roll-to-roll compatible processed organic photovoltaics
| Francesco Tintori, Audrey Laventure, Josh D. B. Koeniga & Gregory C. Welch
| Journal of Materials Chemistry C
- 2020: Water Compatible Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization of PPDT2FBT: A Pathway Towards Large-Scale Production of Organic Solar Cells
| Mathieu Mainville, Vicky Tremblay, Miriam Z. Fenniri, Audrey Laventure, Mahmoud E. Farahat, Ryan Ambrose, Gregory C. Welch, Ian G. Hill & Mario Leclerc
| Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry
- 2020: Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for Emerging Thin-Film Solar Cells
| Yaokang Zhang, Sze-Wing Ng, Xi Lu & Zijian Zheng
| Chemical Reviews
- 2019: Indoor photovoltaics: Photoactive material selection, greener ink formulations, and Slot die coated active layers
| Segey V. Dayneko, Majid Pahlevani & Gregory C. Welch
| ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- 2019: A sequential slot-die coated ternary system enables efficient flexible organic solar cells
| Yifan Zhao, Guodong Wang, Yuheng Wang, Tong Xiao, Muhammad Abdullah Adil, Gianghao Lu, Jianqi Zhang & Zhixiang Wei
| RRL Solar
- 2018: Facile Synthesis of an Efficient and Robust Cathode Interface Material for Polymer Solar Cells
| Jonas Mattiasson Bjuggren, Anirudh Sharma, Desta Gedefaw, Sait Elmas, Caroline Pan, Bradley Kirk, Xianyuan Zhao, Gunther Andersson & Mats R. Andersson
| ACS Applied Energy Materials
- 2018: Asymmetric photocurrent extraction in semitransparent laminated flexible organic solar cells
| Jonas Bergqvist, Thomas Österberg, Armantas Melianas, Luis Ever Aguirre, Zheng Tang, Wanzhu Cai, Zaifei Ma, Martijn Kemerink, Desta Gedefaw, Mats R. Andersson & Olle Inganäs
| NPJ Flexible Electronics
- 2018: Roll‐to‐Roll Fabrication of Solution Processed Electronics
| Robert Abbel, Yulia Galagan & Pim Groen
| Advanced Engineering Materials
- 2017: Enhancing Performance of Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells with Thick Film via Ternary Strategy
| Jianqi Zhang, Yifan Zhao, Jin Fang, Liu Yuan, Benzheng Xia, Guodong Wang, Zaiyu Wang, Yajie Zhang, Wei Ma, Wei Yan, Wenming Su & Zhixiang Wei
| Small
- 2017: Printed semi-transparent large area organic photovoltaic modules with power conversion efficiencies of close to 5 %
| L. Lucera, F. Machui, H.D. Schmidt, T. Ahmad, P. Kubis, S. Strohm, J. Hepp, A. Vetter, H.J. Egelhaaf & C.J. Brabec
| Organic Electronics
- 2016: LED array scanner for inline characterization of thin film photovoltaic modules
| JonasBergqvist, Erik A. Tholén & Olle Inganäsa
| Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
- 2016: Highly efficient, large area, roll coated flexible and rigid OPV modules with geometric fill factors
up to 98.5% processed with commercially available materials
| L. Lucera, F. Machui, P. Kubis, H. D. Schmidt, J. Adams, S. Strohm, T. Ahmad, K. Forberich, H.-J. Egelhaaf & C. J. Brabec
| Energy & Environmental Science
- 2016: Roll-coating fabrication of flexible organic solar cells: comparison of fullerene and fullerene-free systems
| Kuan Liu, Thue Trofod Larsen-Olsen, Yuze Lin, Michail Beliatis, Eva Bundgaard, Mikkel Jørgensen, Frederik C. Krebs & Xiaowei Zhan
| Journal of Materials Chemistry A
- 2015: Fully Slot–die Coated All-Organic Solar Cells
| Mattias Andersson
| Energy Technology
- 2015: High-Performing Polycarbazole Derivatives for Efficient Solution-Processing of Organic Solar Cells in Air
| Ignasi Burgués-Ceballos, Felix Hermerschmidt, Alexander V. Akkuratov, Diana K. Susarova, Pavel A. Troshin & Stelios A. Choulis
| ChemSusChem
- 2015: Roll-Coated Fabrication of Fullerene-Free Organic Solar Cells with Improved Stability
| Pei Cheng, Huitao Bai, Natalia K. Zawacka, Thomas R. Andersen, Wenqing Liu Eva Bundgaard, Mikkel Jørgensen, Hongzheng Chen, Frederik C. Krebs & Xiaowei Zhan
| Advanced Science
- 2014: All-Solution-Processed, Ambient Method for ITO-Free, Roll-Coated Tandem Polymer Solar Cells using Solution-Processed Metal Films
| Dechan Angmo, Henrik F. Dam, Thomas R. Andersen, Natalia K. Zawacka, Morten V. Madsen, Jørgen Stubager, Francesco Livi, Ritu Gupta, Dr. Martin Helgesen, Jon E. Carlé, Thue T. Larsen-Olsen, Giridhar U. Kulkarni, Eva Bundgaard & Frederik C. Krebs
| Energy Technology
- 2014: Medium area, flexible single and tandem junction solar cells based on roll coated semi-random copolymers
| Thomas R. Andersen, Henrik F. Dam, Beate Burkhart, Dechan Angmo, Michael Corazza, Barry C. Thompson & Frederik C. Krebs
| Journal of Materials Chemistry C
- 2014: Comparison of additive amount used in spin-coated and roll-coated organic solar cells
| Pei Cheng, Yuze Lin, Natalia K. Zawacka, Thomas R. Andersen, Wenqing Liu, Eva Bundgaard, Mikkel Jørgensen, Hongzheng Chen, Frederik C. Krebs & Xiaowei Zhan
| Journal of Materials Chemistry A
- 2014: Upscaling from single cells to modules – fabrication of vacuum- and ITO-free polymer solar cells on flexible
substrates with long lifetime
| Jon E. Carlé, Martin Helgesen, Morten V. Madsen, Eva Bundgaard & Frederik C. Krebs
| Journal of Materials Chemistry C
- 2013: A laboratory scale approach to polymer solar cells using one coating/printing machine, flexible substrates, no ITO,
no vacuum and no spincoating
| Jon E. Carlé, Thomas R. Andersen, Martin Helgesen, Eva Bundgaard, Mikkel Jørgensen & Frederik C. Krebs
| Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
- 2013: Slot-die coating of a High Performance Copolymer in a Readily Scalable Roll Process for Polymer Solar Cells
| Martin Helgesen, Jon Eggert Carle & Frederik C. Krebs
| Advanced Energy Materials
- 2013: Ambient roll-to-roll fabrication of flexible solar cells based on small molecules
| Yuze Lin, Henrik F. Dam, Thomas R. Andersen, Eva Bundgaard, Weifei Fu, Hongzheng Chen, Frederik C. Krebs & Xiaowei Zhan
| Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Sensors, diagnostics & microfluidics
- 2022: Chapter 2 – 3D printing and nanotechnology
| Lazaros Tzounis & Petros Bangeas
| 3D Printing: Applications in Medicine and Surgery Volume 2
- 2021: A Slot-Die Technique for the Preparation of Continuous, High-Area, Chitosan-Based Thin Films
| Oliver J. Pemble, Maria Bardosova, Ian M. Povey & Martyn E. Pemble
| Polymers
- 2021: Electrochemical Detection of Morphine in Untreated Human Capillary Whole Blood
| Elsi Verrinder, Niklas Wester, Elli Leppänen, Tuomas Lilius, Eija Kalso, Bjo̷rn Mikladal, Ilkka Varjos, Jari Koskinen & Tomi Laurila
| ACS Omega
- 2020: High-throughput, low-cost and rapid DNA sequencing using surface-coating techniques
| Yanzhe Qin, Stephan Koehler, Shengming Zhao, Ruibin Mai, Zhuo Liu, Hao Lu & Chengmei Xing
| Pre-print
- 2020: Disposable Nafion-coated single-walled carbon nanotube test strip for electrochemical quantitative determination of acetaminophen in finger-prick whole blood sample
| Niklas Westera, Bjørn F. Mikladal, Ilkka Varjos, Antti Peltonen, Eija Kalsod, Tuomas Liliusd, Tomi Laurilag & Jari Koskinena
| Analytical Chemistry
- 2020: Additive Manufacturing of a Flexible Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on a SnO2‐Graphene Nanoink
| Jialin Zuo, Sean Tavakoli, Deepakkrishna Mathavakrishnan, Taichong Ma, Matthew Lim, Brandon Rotondo, Peter Pauzauskie, Felippe Pavinatto & Devin MacKenzie
| Chemosensors
- 2016: An inkjet printed, roll-coated digital microfluidic device for inexpensive, miniaturized diagnostic assays
| Christopher Dixon, Alphonsus H. C. Ng, Ryan Fobel, Mark B. Miltenburg & Aaron R. Wheeler
| Lab on a Chip

Printed, flexible & organic electronics
- 2021: Vacuum-Free Fabrication of Transparent Electrodes for Soft Electronics
| Arshad Khan, Shawkat Ali, Saleem Khan, Moaaz Ahmed, Bo Wang & Amine Bermak
| Intechopen
- 2020: Acid dyeing for green solvent processing of solvent resistant semiconducting organic thin films
| Cayley R. Harding, Jonathan Cann, Audrey Laventure, Mozhgan Sadeghianlemraski, Marwa Abd-Ellah, Keerthan R. Rao, Benjamin Sidney Gelfand, Hany Aziz, Loren Kaake, Chad Riskod & Gregory C. Welch
| Materials Horizons
- 2020: Dedoping Induced Interfacial Instability of Poly(ethylene imine)s Treated PEDOT:PSS as Low-Work-Function Electrodes
| Wanzhu Cai, Thomas Österberg, Mohammad J. Jafari, Chiara Musumeci, Chuanfei Wang, Guangzheng Zuo, Xiaolong Yin, Xuhao Luo, Jim Johansson, Martijn Kemerink, Liangqi Ouyang, Thomas Ederth & Olle Inganäs
| Journal of Materials Chemistry C
- 2019: An eco-friendly water-assisted polyol method to enhance the aspect ratio of silver nanowires
| Wei Zhao, Sha-Sha Wang, Hong-Tao Cao, Ling-Hai Xie, Chao-Shen Hong, Ling-Zhi Jin, Meng-Na Yu, He Zhang, Zhi-Yun Zhang, Li-Hua Huang & Wei Huang
| RSC Advances
- 2018: Large‐Area, Semitransparent, and Flexible All‐Polymer Photodetectors
| Xiaofeng Xu, Xiaobo Zhou, Ke Zhou, Yuxin Xia, Wei Ma & Olle Inganäs
| Advanced Functional Materials
- 2016: Organic thin-film transistors fabricated using a slot-die-coating process and related sensing applications
| Byoungchoo Park, In-Gon Bae, O. Eun Kwona & Hong Goo Jeona
| RSC Advances